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In this talk, I will give an overview on dark matter distributions in galactic systems, including spiral galaxies in the field, Milky Way satellite galaxies, newly-discovered ultra diffuse galaxies, and galaxy clusters, and show that they are more diverse than predicted in the standard cold dark matter theory. Then I will show that self-interacting dark matter may provide a unified explanation to the observed diversity over the wide range of galactic mass scales. I will further discuss other astrophysical implications of self-interacting dark matter, such as the origin of supermassive black holes in the early Universe.