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Abstract: Microquasars are jetted X-ray binary systems in which a stellar-mass compact object accretes matter from a donor star and launches relativistic outflows. These systems exhibit bright emission across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, with prominent non-thermal radiation, primarily of leptonic origin, observed from the radio band up to soft gamma rays. Recent detections of several microquasars by HAWC, H.E.S.S., and LHAASO at very high energies (VHE; E>100 GeV) and, in some cases, extending into the ultra-high-energy (UHE; E>100 TeV) regime have opened a new observational window on particle acceleration in Galactic sources. In this talk, I will review the current population of gamma-ray-emitting microquasars and summarize the key observational results, with a particular emphasis on the gamma-ray band. Using the observed phenomenology, I will discuss the constraints and limitations of the proposed radiation mechanisms and relate them to the physical properties of the underlying particle accelerators. Finally, I will address the implications of these recent observations for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays, particularly in the energy range around the knee.