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Abstract: Star-forming environments such as Star-forming and Starburst Galaxies (SFGs and SBGs), due to their high rate of supernova explosions, are expected to be producers of high-energy gamma-rays and neutrinos via hadronic interactions. In this talk, I will investigate these environments both as diffuse and point-like emitters of gamma-rays and neutrinos, using the state-of-the-art modelling for the cosmic-ray (CR) transport. I will also discuss forecasts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) and the KM3NeT telescopes, quantifying the potentiality of future measurements to probe the hadronic nature of these sources and distinguish between several CR transport models.
I will also investigate the possibility of constraining the properties of light Dark Matter (DM) particles using SBGs. I will show that the property of elastic scattering between high-energy CRs and DM particles leads to observable features, thereby posing stringent constraints on the DM parameter space.
Finally, in light of the recent findings by the IceCube collaboration, I will discuss galactic star-forming environments as quasi-diffuse emitters of neutrinos. I will introduce the concept of discovery horizon for a high-energy neutrino telescope to show that the current IceCube discovery potential cannot disentangle a true diffuse neutrino emission from a quasi-diffuse neutrino emission from galactic pevatrons. Only the advent of KM3NeT/ARCA and IceCube Gen 2 will have the capability of probing Young Massive Stellar Clusters (YMSCs) and Hypernovae.